Installing a tankless water heater in your home can provide unlimited hot water on demand while saving space and energy costs. But hooking up this efficient appliance requires careful planning and execution.
This comprehensive DIY guide will walk you through the entire process of installing a tankless water heater, from picking the right model to making the final connections.
If you’re short on time, here’s a quick answer to your question: properly installing a tankless water heater requires selecting the right size unit for your home’s needs, mounting the heater on the wall, connecting the water, gas and electrical lines, venting the exhaust outside, and programming the digital controls.
In this detailed article, we’ll cover everything you need to know to safely and successfully hook up a tankless water heater in your home.
Choosing the Right Tankless Water Heater
When it comes to selecting a tankless water heater for your home, there are several factors to consider. By taking the time to evaluate your household’s hot water requirements, determine the fuel type, select the appropriate flow rate, and consider additional features, you can ensure that you choose the right tankless water heater for your needs.
Calculate your household’s hot water requirements
The first step in choosing the right tankless water heater is to calculate your household’s hot water requirements. This involves determining the number of people in your home and their hot water usage patterns.
For example, a family of four may require a higher flow rate compared to a single individual. By understanding your hot water needs, you can select a tankless water heater that can meet your demands efficiently.
Determine fuel type – gas vs electric
Another important consideration is the fuel type for your tankless water heater. Gas-powered tankless water heaters are known for their high efficiency and ability to provide hot water on demand. On the other hand, electric tankless water heaters are often more affordable upfront and easier to install.
Consider your energy source availability and cost to determine which fuel type is the best fit for your home.
Select the appropriate flow rate
The flow rate of a tankless water heater determines how much hot water it can provide at a given time. To determine the appropriate flow rate, consider the number of fixtures and appliances that will require hot water simultaneously.
For example, if you often run the dishwasher while someone is taking a shower, you’ll need a higher flow rate to ensure an uninterrupted supply of hot water. The flow rate is measured in gallons per minute (GPM), so be sure to choose a tankless water heater with a flow rate that matches your needs.
Consider additional features like WiFi controls
Modern tankless water heaters come with a range of additional features that can enhance convenience and energy efficiency. One such feature is WiFi controls, which allow you to monitor and control your water heater remotely through a smartphone app.
This can be particularly useful if you want to adjust the temperature or schedule hot water usage while away from home. Consider these additional features and choose a tankless water heater that offers the ones that align with your preferences and lifestyle.
By considering your household’s hot water requirements, determining the fuel type, selecting the appropriate flow rate, and considering additional features, you can confidently choose the right tankless water heater for your home.
Remember to consult professional advice and refer to reputable sources like Energy.gov for more information on tankless water heaters.
Necessary Tools and Materials
When it comes to hooking up a tankless water heater, having the right tools and materials is essential. Here are some of the key items you will need:
Tankless water heater and mounting bracket
The first thing you’ll need is, of course, the tankless water heater itself. Make sure you choose a model that is suitable for your household’s hot water needs. Additionally, you’ll need a mounting bracket to securely install the heater.
Plumbing pipes, fittings, and valves
Proper plumbing is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of your tankless water heater. You’ll need pipes, fittings, and valves to connect the heater to your water supply and ensure proper water flow.
Venting materials for exhaust
Tankless water heaters produce exhaust gases that need to be safely vented out of your home. Venting materials such as pipes and connectors are required to properly vent the exhaust gases.
Electrical wiring and conduit
If your tankless water heater requires an electrical connection, you’ll need the necessary wiring and conduit to safely connect it to your home’s electrical system. It’s important to follow electrical codes and guidelines to ensure safety.
Gas line materials (for gas heaters)
If you have a gas-powered tankless water heater, you’ll need the appropriate materials to connect it to your gas supply. This may include gas pipes, connectors, and shut-off valves. Make sure to follow proper gas installation procedures for safety.
Leak detector, flux, solder, and wire nuts
When working with plumbing and electrical connections, it’s always a good idea to have the proper tools and materials for joining pipes and wires. A leak detector can help you identify any leaks in the plumbing system.
Safety gear like glasses and gloves
Lastly, don’t forget about safety! Protect your eyes with safety glasses and wear gloves to prevent injuries. It’s always better to be safe than sorry when working with tools and materials.
Remember, the specific tools and materials you’ll need may vary depending on the type and model of your tankless water heater, as well as local building codes and regulations. Be sure to consult the manufacturer’s instructions and seek professional advice if needed.
Installation Site Selection and Prep
When it comes to hooking up a tankless water heater, selecting the right installation site is crucial. Here are a few key factors to consider:
Pick an appropriate indoor or outdoor location
First and foremost, you need to decide whether you want to install your tankless water heater indoors or outdoors. Indoor installations are typically more common, as they offer better protection against the elements and easier access for maintenance.
However, if you have limited space indoors or prefer to save space, an outdoor installation can be a great option.
Check clearances to combustibles
Regardless of whether you choose an indoor or outdoor installation, it is essential to check the clearances to combustibles. This ensures that the tankless water heater is placed at a safe distance from any flammable materials.
Refer to the manufacturer’s guidelines for specific clearance requirements, as they may vary depending on the model and fuel type.
Provide adequate airflow
Tankless water heaters require proper ventilation to function efficiently and safely. Make sure the installation site allows for adequate airflow to prevent overheating and ensure proper combustion. This may involve installing vents or fans to facilitate air circulation.
Consulting the manufacturer’s instructions is crucial to ensure proper ventilation requirements are met.
Install water, gas, and electrical connections
Finally, you need to connect the necessary utilities to your tankless water heater. This typically includes water, gas, and electrical connections. It is essential to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and, if necessary, seek professional assistance to ensure proper installation and avoid any potential safety hazards.
For more detailed information on the installation process, including step-by-step instructions and diagrams, you can visit www.tanklesswaterheaterhub.com. They provide comprehensive guides and resources to help you successfully hook up your tankless water heater.
Mounting the Tankless Water Heater
When it comes to installing a tankless water heater, one of the first steps is mounting the unit securely. This ensures that the heater is stable and won’t cause any safety hazards. Here are the key steps to follow:
1. Attach mounting bracket to wall studs
The first step in mounting your tankless water heater is to securely attach the mounting bracket to the wall studs. This is crucial for providing a strong and stable foundation for the unit. Make sure to use the appropriate hardware and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific bracket model you have.
Pro Tip: It’s always a good idea to use a stud finder to locate the wall studs accurately. This will help ensure that the mounting bracket is attached securely and will be able to support the weight of the tankless water heater.
2. Hang tankless unit on bracket
Once the mounting bracket is securely attached to the wall studs, it’s time to hang the tankless water heater on the bracket. Carefully lift the unit and align it with the bracket, ensuring that it sits flush against the wall.
You may need an extra set of hands to help you with this step, as tankless water heaters can be heavy.
Pro Tip: Double-check that the tankless unit is properly aligned with the bracket before releasing it. This will prevent any potential issues or damage to the unit.
3. Ensure unit is level
After hanging the tankless water heater on the mounting bracket, it’s important to ensure that the unit is level. This will help optimize its performance and prevent any potential issues down the line. Use a level to check the horizontal alignment of the unit and make any necessary adjustments.
Pro Tip: An unlevel tankless water heater can cause problems with its functionality and may even lead to premature wear and tear. Taking the time to ensure that the unit is level during installation will save you headaches in the long run.
By following these steps, you’ll be able to mount your tankless water heater securely and ensure its proper functioning. Remember to consult the manufacturer’s instructions for any specific guidelines related to your particular model.
Connecting the Water Lines
When it comes to hooking up a tankless water heater, one of the most important steps is connecting the water lines. This ensures a proper flow of water to and from the unit, allowing it to function efficiently. Here are the key steps to follow:
1. Shut off main water supply
Before you begin any plumbing work, it is crucial to shut off the main water supply to your home. This will prevent any water from flowing through the pipes while you make the necessary connections. Locate the main shut-off valve, typically found near the water meter, and turn it clockwise to close it.
2. Drain plumbing lines
Next, you’ll need to drain the plumbing lines to remove any remaining water. This can be done by opening faucets and allowing the water to run until it stops. It’s important to ensure that there is no water in the lines before proceeding.
3. Cut into existing pipes and install T-fittings
To connect the tankless water heater, you’ll need to cut into the existing pipes and install T-fittings. These fittings allow you to divert the water flow to and from the unit. Measure and mark the pipes where the T-fittings will be installed, then use a pipe cutter to make clean, precise cuts.
Once the cuts are made, attach the T-fittings securely using the appropriate connectors.
4. Connect cold inlet and hot outlet to tankless unit
With the T-fittings in place, it’s time to connect the cold inlet and hot outlet to the tankless water heater. The cold water inlet connects to the unit’s water supply, while the hot water outlet allows the heated water to flow out.
Use appropriate connectors and ensure a tight fit to prevent any leaks.
5. Install shutoff valves before and after heater
To provide additional control over the water flow, it is recommended to install shutoff valves before and after the tankless water heater. These valves allow you to isolate the unit for maintenance or repairs without affecting the water supply to the rest of the house.
Install the shutoff valves on both the cold inlet and hot outlet, ensuring that they are easily accessible.
Remember, it’s always a good idea to consult the manufacturer’s instructions and guidelines for your specific tankless water heater model. Following these steps will help ensure a successful and hassle-free installation of your tankless water heater.
Installing Gas and Electrical
Run gas line to unit location (for gas heaters)
When installing a gas tankless water heater, the first step is to run a gas line to the location where the unit will be installed. This requires careful planning and adherence to local building codes. It is recommended to hire a professional plumber or contractor for this task to ensure proper installation and safety.
Connect gas supply line and test for leaks
Once the gas line is in place, it is important to properly connect the gas supply line to the tankless water heater. This involves using the appropriate fittings and connectors to ensure a secure and leak-free connection. After connecting the gas supply line, it is crucial to test for any gas leaks.
This can be done by applying a solution of soapy water to the connections and checking for any bubbles, which indicate a leak. If a leak is detected, the connection should be tightened or repaired immediately.
Run wires from electrical panel to heater
For electric tankless water heaters, the installation process starts with running wires from the electrical panel to the location of the heater. It is essential to follow local electrical codes and regulations to ensure safe installation.
Hiring a licensed electrician is highly recommended for this task.
Connect ground wire and power cables
Once the wires are in place, the next step is to connect the ground wire and power cables to the tankless water heater. The ground wire is an important safety feature that prevents electrical shocks. It should be securely connected to the grounding terminal on the heater.
The power cables should also be properly connected, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
It is important to note that the specific installation process may vary depending on the model and brand of the tankless water heater. Always refer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions for detailed guidance.
Additionally, it is crucial to comply with local building codes and regulations to ensure the safety and efficiency of the installation.
For more information on tankless water heater installation, you can visit www.energy.gov or consult with a professional plumber or contractor.
Venting the Exhaust
Proper venting is crucial when hooking up a tankless water heater. It ensures the safe and efficient operation of the unit by removing the exhaust gases produced during combustion. Here are some important steps to follow when venting the exhaust:
Select proper venting materials
When it comes to venting a tankless water heater, it’s important to choose the right materials. The vent pipe should be made of a durable and heat-resistant material, such as stainless steel or PVC. These materials can withstand the high temperatures and corrosive gases produced by the heater.
Make sure to check the manufacturer’s guidelines for the recommended venting materials for your specific model.
Run vent pipe from heater through roof or wall
The next step is to determine the best route for the vent pipe. You have two options: running it through the roof or through an exterior wall. Both methods have their pros and cons, so it’s important to consider factors such as the layout of your home, local building codes, and the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Whichever route you choose, make sure the vent pipe is properly sealed to prevent any leaks.
Slope exhaust vent slightly upwards
When installing the vent pipe, it’s important to slope it slightly upwards. This will allow for proper condensation drainage and prevent any water from pooling inside the pipe. A slope of about ¼ inch per foot is usually sufficient.
Use proper supports and hangers to secure the vent pipe in place and ensure it doesn’t sag or come loose over time.
Install vent termination outside
The final step in venting the exhaust is to install the vent termination outside. This is the point where the exhaust gases exit the home. It’s important to position the vent termination away from any doors, windows, or other openings to prevent the gases from re-entering the home.
Additionally, make sure the vent termination is clear from any obstructions, such as trees or shrubs, to allow for proper airflow.
Remember, proper venting is essential for the safe and efficient operation of your tankless water heater. If you’re unsure about any aspect of the venting process, it’s always best to consult a professional plumber or HVAC technician for guidance.
They can ensure that your venting system meets all the necessary requirements and is properly installed.
Finishing Touches
Once you have successfully installed your tankless water heater, there are a few finishing touches that you should consider to ensure optimal performance. These steps will help you program the temperature controls, insulate the incoming cold water line, flush and purge air from the plumbing lines, check for leaks and proper operation, and set the water temperature.
Program digital temperature controls
Most tankless water heaters come with digital temperature controls that allow you to easily set and adjust the water temperature according to your preference. To program these controls, simply follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer.
It is recommended to set the temperature to a safe and comfortable level, typically between 120°F (49°C) and 140°F (60°C).
Insulate incoming cold water line
Insulating the incoming cold water line can help reduce heat loss and improve the overall efficiency of your tankless water heater. This can be done using foam pipe insulation, which is readily available at most hardware stores.
By insulating the cold water line, you can minimize the time it takes for hot water to reach your faucets and showers, saving both water and energy.
Flush and purge air from plumbing lines
After installing a new tankless water heater, it is important to flush and purge any air that may have accumulated in the plumbing lines. To do this, simply turn on all the hot water faucets in your house and let the water run for a few minutes.
This will help ensure a smooth flow of hot water and prevent any potential issues caused by trapped air in the system.
Check for leaks and proper operation
Once you have completed the installation, it is crucial to thoroughly check for any leaks and ensure that the tankless water heater is functioning properly. Inspect all connections, valves, and fittings for any signs of leakage.
Additionally, test the hot water flow from various faucets and showers to ensure consistent and reliable operation.
Set water temperature
After the initial installation and programming, you may need to fine-tune the water temperature to suit your needs. This can be easily done by adjusting the temperature controls on the tankless water heater. It is important to find the right balance between hot water comfort and energy efficiency.
Remember, higher temperatures may increase the risk of scalding, while lower temperatures may not provide enough hot water for your needs.
By following these finishing touches, you can ensure that your tankless water heater operates efficiently and provides a steady supply of hot water whenever you need it.
Conclusion
Installing a tankless water heater is a complex project that requires advanced planning and skilled execution. But with proper preparation and by carefully following the steps in this guide, you can have an efficient, endless supply of hot water in your home. Just take it one step at a time.
Before you know it, you’ll be enjoying the space savings, energy efficiency, and convenience of continuous hot water on demand.
